I like choices. Who doesn’t? When I was in college on a
study abroad program for a semester, I visited then communist-ruled East Berlin and got a little taste of what it was like to
live life with very few choices. Entering an East Berlin
department store, I was moved with the rest of the people in the store like
cattle, single file, between roped off islands of new, ’50s-looking
merchandise. In all cases there was one item to choose from among the
merchandise displayed; one style of blue jeans, one clock radio, one coffee
maker, etc. No touching allowed, no fitting rooms and no helpful salesperson
answering questions. And why would it need to be any other way, with only one
of each item to choose from? My brief visit to East Berlin was eye-opening, to
say the least and made me appreciate so much more the choices that I was
accustomed to having.
Years later in my life, after serving two years in the Peace Corps, one of the
first things I did when I returned home was to hit the grocery store for some
comfort food. In the country I served there were no grocery stores, just mom
and pop shops that sold only the bare necessities-rice, bar soap, sugar, Spam,
Navy biscuits and Ovaltine among them. I could not wait to get back home and
eat all of the food I missed so much. The first thing on my list was pickles (I
have no idea why). In the mega grocery store I was presented with a glut of
pickle choices. There were sweet, dill, spicy, bread and butter, baby, gherkin,
Kosher, candied, chipped, waffle-cut, spears, halved, etc. An entire aisle’s
worth. It was overwhelming. I stood there for quite a few minutes, the number
and variety of choices put me into a daze.
So why is it, in this great country of ours, filled with choices upon choices
from everything from jeans to clock radios to even pickles, that we have so few
green building rating systems to choose from? That’s exactly what Joe Maguire
wondered and what drove him to develop the Society of Environmentally
Responsible Facilities, a green building rating system for anyone looking for
an alternative to LEED (but not Green Globes*). Maguire is a property developer
with a BA in economics from Northwestern
University and a MS from
the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and
Preservation. As a third generation property developer, Maguire rubs shoulders
on a daily basis with other developers that, like him, were desperate to become
engaged in building green but frustrated with the single certification choice
available to them (LEED) with its
associated complexity, expense, and time consuming process.
In April 2010 Maguire began a discussion with his peers about creating a new,
inclusive green building rating system similar to LEED, but without all the
headaches. A rating system that focuses on advancing the concept of what
Maguire calls Practical Environmental Stewardship. After six months of hard
work, SERF was rolled out in October of 2010 and now boasts 32 certified
buildings, with 14 more in the process of becoming certified. This far exceeds
Maguire’s initial expectation that 24 buildings would be certified under the fledgling
system by this date. He hopes for a total of 75 SERF certifications by the end
of the year and 200 by the end of next year. At this rate, it won’t take too
long for SERF to make a noticeable dent in LEED’s commanding 9,000-plus
building certifications.
SERF: A Closer Look
Maguire’s promise to people that decide to use SERF over LEED is that it will
be far less expensive (between $4,000 to $12,000 depending on square footage),
will be far easier to submit (using a simple fill-in-the-blank form filled out
by one person) and much quicker (from four to six weeks from receipt of
application to certification). Compare this to LEED’s $8,000 to $70,000
documentation cost (according to the study “Analyzing the Cost of Obtaining
LEED Certification” by Northbridge Environmental Management Consultants), its
multiple credit template forms required to be filled out and signed by multiple
project team members and an average 18 month time period from receipt of
project application to certification (according to Maguire), and SERF comes out
a very clear winner.
SERF has certification applications for several building types including
residential (single and multi-family), office, distribution and manufacturing,
retail/commercial and institutional/other. Each application has a unique set of
point categories and total number of points. Certification requires that a
building achieve a percentage of the total available points (roughly 40 percent
for new buildings and 30 percent for existing buildings). Requirements for
earning points are largely prescriptive and include the following
categories:
EnergyStar-rated HVAC equipment
Building automation systems
Enclosure R values
Interior and exterior lighting efficiency
Storm water management
Appliance efficiency
Landscaping
Water use
Air quality
Renewable energy
To maintain certification, SERF requires that buildings recertify on an annual
basis for a nominal fee ($195 for single family residential and $295 to $495
for all other building types). Recertification is granted as long as there have
been no “material changes” to the building in the intervening time period
between certifications.
The certification process involves on-site verification of the claimed points
by an architect, engineer, builder or building inspector licensed in the state
of the subject facility as well as a random audit by SERF for an unspecified
number of points being pursued.
Room for Improvement
There is a lot to like about SERF, primarily its simplicity and ease of use. It
will appeal to anyone who has banged their head against a wall after dealing
with the bureaucratic morass that the LEED documentation and certification
process has become. The challenge for Maguire, which he freely admits, is to
carefully balance the rigor of the system against ease of use. Too much rigor
kills incentive for use, and not enough rigor results in a credential with
little meaning. Maguire has done a good job of balancing both and takes SERF
building certification very seriously. This is not a rubber stamp
certification.
There are, however, some very simple changes that could be made to the rating
system to make it even better without compromising its simple elegance. My wish
list of improvements includes:
Minimum Point Requirement per Category: Most people will readily agree that
energy performance of a building is by far the most important environmental
consideration for building green. Requiring a minimum number of points be
achieved in the most important point categories, such as energy conservation,
will result in a more environmentally friendly building. SERF currently allows
a building to be certified without employing ANY of its energy conservation
points, which is an oversight that must be immediately corrected for the system
to be truly credible.
Point Scaling: Instead of an all or nothing whole point reward, I recommend
that teams be allowed to scale available points based on actual percentage
achieved. For example, instead of offering two points for installing pervious
paving for 80 percent of total paving, allow a percentage of the available two
points based on actual percentage of pervious paving installed. If only 40
percent pervious paving is installed, allow one point to be awarded. Arbitrary
benchmark requirements kill incentive to do anything.
Tie Recertification to Building Performance: Recertification of a green building
rating should be about how the building performs. SERF provides annual
recertification based solely on the requirement that nothing has materially
changed, which means, according to Maguire, that no space was added to the
facility or substantially renovated. To be regarded with any credibility, a
recertification should be recognition that a building is performing as
intended. A building that touts itself as green but consumes more resources
than predicted, with systems that do not function as intended, should not be
further rewarded with a bogus recertification.
Conclusion
SERF could very well be the green building rating system that I had hoped Green
Globes would be-a rating system for the rest of us, those that cannot bear the
burden of a complicated and expensive LEED certification process. SERF, in
contrast to LEED, is simple to use, simple to understand, inexpensive and takes
very little time to achieve from application to certification. With a few
simple improvements to SERF, I believe that it could be a system the majority
of builders could use for green certification and engage more of them in those
practices rather than just the elite few who can pursue LEED
certification. We certainly don’t need
the equivalent of pickles in a supermarket, but it is nice to know that we are
no longer stuck with a single 1950s clock radio.
Reference
*As a Green Globes Technical Committee member, it pains me greatly that nothing
has happened with Green Globes, the first ANSI green building Standard, since
its development. I recently called the Green Building Initiative (The GBI,
which administers Green Globes) office number and spoke with a gentleman on the
telephone that did not even know there was a Technical Committee, did not know
the status of the newly minted Green Globes ANSI standard and made an
unfulfilled promise that someone would to get back to me soon with information
on Green Globes availability. I have no idea what is happening with Green
Globes but since it remains unavailable, it cannot be included in the list of
possible choices.
Straight Green: SERF A Green Building Rating System for the Rest of Us?
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